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Pyrus communis
''Pyrus communis'', known as the European pear or common pear,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Heritage Rare & Iconic Trees - Visit Kew Gardens )〕 is a species of pear native to central and eastern Europe and southwest Asia.
It is one of the most important fruits of temperate regions, being the species from which most orchard pear cultivars grown in Europe, North America, and Australia have been developed. Two other species of pears, the Nashi pear, ''Pyrus pyrifolia'', and the Chinese white pear ''bai li'', ''Pyrus'' × ''bretschneideri'', are more widely grown in eastern Asia.
==Origin==
The cultivated European pear (''P. communis'' subsp. ''communis'') is thought to be descended from two subspecies of wild pears, categorized as ''P. communis'' subsp.'' pyraster'' (syn. ''P. pyraster'') and ''P. communis'' subsp. ''caucasica'' (syn. ''P. caucasica''), which are interfertile with domesticated pears. Archeological evidence shows these pears "were collected from the wild long before their introduction into cultivation", according to Zohary and Hopf.〔Daniel Zohary and Maria Hopf, ''Domestication of plants in the Old World'', third edition (Oxford: University Press, 2000), p. 176〕 Although they point to finds of pears in sites in Neolithic and Bronze Age European sites, "reliable information on pear cultivation first appears in the works of the Greek and the Roman writers."〔Zohary and Hopf, ''Domestication'', p. 177〕 Theophrastus, Cato the Elder, and Pliny the Elder all present information about the cultivation and grafting of pears.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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